“经过重新设计的滨河公园彰显了对场地过去历史的致敬，同时使其过渡到了一处富有前瞻性的聚会空间，成为该地区的文化中心。”
– 2022年评审委员会

“The reimagined Riverfront Park honors the past while transitioning to a forward-looking gathering space, becoming the region’s cultural heart.”
– 2022 Awards Jury

来自 ASLA 对gooood的分享。
2022 ASLA GENERAL DESIGN AWARD OF HONOR: Riverfront Spokane by Berger Partnership

项目陈述
PROJECT STATEMENT

滨河公园坐落在从山谷流向峡谷的斯波坎河河畔，崎岖的玄武岩露出水面成为当地独特的景观。这里是Spokane Tribe的圣地，也是城市的发源地，作为一处工业场所，这里曾举办了1974年世界博览会(Expo’74)，滨河公园也因此成为了被人们铭记的景观。面对公园在物理和生态上的衰退，斯波坎市人民投票决定投资超过6400万美元，由景观设计师主导团队对公园进行重新构想。设计旨在尊重世博会的遗产，又超越其世博会遗产的属性，进一步修复工业历史景观，将城市、人民与河流重新联系起来，并重振公园的功能和规划。

Riverfront Park is a powerful landscape perched on rugged basalt outcroppings around the channels of the Spokane River as it plunges from valley to gorge. A sacred landscape to the Spokane Tribe, the birthplace of the city, a place of industry, reclaimed as the home of the 1974 World’s Fair (Expo ’74), Riverfront Park was a landscape cherished in memory but physically and ecologically in decline. The people of Spokane voted to invest over $64 million in a landscape architect-led reimagining of the park that both honored and moved beyond the Expo legacy to further heal the landscape from its industrial past, reconnect the city and people to their river, and reinvigorate park use and programming.

▲滨河公园再次闪耀！设计为老化的景观注入新的活力，将斯波坎与河流和瀑布重新连接起来，项目不仅保留了人们的珍贵回忆，同时为新一代青年人创造了一处不分昼夜的娱乐与派对场所，Riverfront Park Shines Again! Breathing new life into an aging landscape, reconnecting Spokane to its river and falls, honoring cherished memories, welcoming new generations as a place to escape and celebrate, day and night © Sky Definition Photography

项目说明
PROJECT NARRATIVE

历史背景

在华盛顿州斯波坎市中心，轰鸣的瀑布标志着斯波坎山谷与斯波坎河峡谷的交汇处。这里是Spokane Tribe的圣地，也是历史悠久的渔场。瀑布的力量带动了工业和货场的发展，吸引了大批移民，这里也因此成为了这座城市的发源地。1974年，这里被改造为世界博览会(Expo’74)的主场，以具有前瞻性的姿态成功举办了此次首个以环境为主题的世界博览会。

世博结束后，场地变成了滨河公园，将100英亩的场地从工业景观永久地过渡到公园。随着新世纪的到来，场馆、功能和基础设施逐渐衰落，滨河地区开始显现出老化的状态。斯波坎的市民意识到河滨公园急需改变和投资，2014年当地通过了一项6400万美元的债券，用于改善公园。

恢复生态活力

利用河流发电的模式和工业历史为环境带来了破坏和污染，这深刻地影响了公园的重新设计、种植、土壤管理和雨水处理。

改造后的河岸迎来了重大的改变与加固，大量的植被将大坝和水力发电设施环抱其中。设计移除了高地填充物和硬质景观，创造了新的河岸植物群落，包括一系列草本植物，灯心草、印度稻草和箭叶等新兴植物，以及水桦树、红枝茱萸和郊狼柳等木本植被。

在斯波坎干旱的气候中种植本地物种节约了水的使用，增强了公园的弹性，为以前以草坪和东部硬木为主的景观带来了平衡，同时也让公园的使用者对他们的本土景观产生了新的热爱。树木和灌木包括落基山枫树、花楸树、北高原黄松、雪莓和蔓越莓。设计中配植了大量的草本植物，包括蓝燕麦草、印度稻草、蓝印度草、大盆地野草和柳枝草。茂盛的植被下是崎岖的玄武岩，反映了当地常见的自然景观。

为了解决历史上的土壤污染问题，所有的表面径流都将排入雨水花园，进而消除了潜在污染物渗入河流的可能性。大量受到污染的“脏土”在场地中得到了重新的利用，在展馆的座位区底部形成了有价值的地形，同时设计师也在这些“脏土”的表面设置了保护性屏障，并在其上覆盖了两英尺的清洁土壤和植物。展馆的重新设计也将工业遗址结构转化为绿色空间。

重新连接人、城市和河流

滨河公园是由河流定义的，然而奇怪的是，游客们却无法体验这条河。重新设计后，人们能够更加接近水岸，铺砌的河岸线被河岸植物取代，木板路和玄武岩巨石也吸引着人们来到河边。阶梯式的石头座椅面向水面展开，而以钢栅悬臂为特色的新桥则让人们在欣赏标志性景观的同时“漂浮”在水面上。

该公园位于市中心和新兴社区的重要交汇处，是城市结构中不可或缺的一环，霍华德街步行大道横跨南北，作为自行车和行人专用链接，与河流分流交织在一起，并与新老城市的地标轴线对齐。独特的桥梁穿越了三条河道，每一条都加强了人与河流的联系。此外，一条东西步道也成为了63英里长的百年步道的补充。

这条步道正在成为这座城市最伟大的文化聚集地之一，为斯波坎提供了一处社交见面的休闲散步场所。长廊中交织着探索的路径，连接着一系列活动空间节点，包括观景点、座位护堤、艺术与雨水花园，这些空间都伴随着精心策划的种植景观和本地生态群落。这些充满无限可能的路线和体验将融入到人们的日常生活中，除了日常使用外，这里还综合了永久性节日基础设施，为快闪式的节日庆典与活动提供了理想场所。

公园的北岸从砾石停车场变成了公园空间，重新将这里归还给了公众，作为与市中心毗邻的南岸的补充，新的入口以74年世博会蝴蝶为特色，欢迎周围的社区，并直接连接到斯波坎的竞技场、室内体育中心和新足球场，形成了连续的公共设施园区。

重塑功能

南岸是整个滨河公园的门户和休闲目的地，景点包括历史悠久的1909年卢夫旋转木马，它被重新安置在一个宛如玻璃鼓的建筑中，旨在让游客们充分享受靠近河流的感觉，并在乘坐木马的过程中欣赏修复后的自然河岸原生植物。受人喜爱的互动式旋转喷泉根据场地进行了重新的设计，溜冰带和咖啡馆则占据了公园最具城市特色的生态走廊，较低的瀑布上方还设置了空中缆车。

Havermale岛是公园里地标性展馆的所在地，该展馆是为74年世博会建造的，长期以来一直都是斯波坎天际线的重要组成部分。以历史的眼光来看，展馆从远处看很吸引人，但到达后却平淡无奇，当时让人感到新奇的景观如今也已显得封闭过时了。对展馆的改造建立在对过去结构的减法之上，除了历史悠久的金属网、张力环和桅杆外，馆内所有结构都被拆除，剩余的空间则成为景观节点的容器，容纳了各种各样的地形、露台、小径和走道。此外，设计团队还为金属网增加了可编程的“光叶片”，这些“光叶片”将为游客们呈现神奇的夜间灯光秀，将空间变身为一处可容纳5000名观众的表演场所。

可观的高度是展馆关键性的特征，一系列的栅格走道从景观中升起，与展馆的网结构交织在一起，为人们创造出河流和市中心天际线的完美景观视野，所有空间都具有高度的可达性。许多大城市都有标志性建筑，但想到进入其中往往需要付费，但该展馆却是一个值得骄傲的公共场所，欢迎所有人免费享受它的光芒。

振兴社区

社区参与是支持和塑造设计的核心，合作伙伴除了公众，还包括残疾人社区和艺术社区在内的利益相关者团体。Spokane Tribe的参与与协助是整个项目中最独特且最有价值的部分，这在城市和原住民部落之间建立了更丰富、更真实的关系，这种关系在这个项目之后仍在延续。Spokane Tribe帮助团队塑造了设计的过程与结果，包括重新命名Snxʷ Meneɂ (sin-hoo-men-huh)，意思是鲑鱼人，它是两块瀑布之间露出的玄武岩石，也是滨河地区最令人向往的目的地之一。这个小岛充满了故事，并纪念了Spokane Tribe作为一个活生生的文化标志的成长和成功。

公平性是本项目最求的一个重要目标。公园为广大市民与游客们提供了普通人都负担得起的家庭娱乐活动，并提供免费和低成本的社区活动节目。盛大的开幕式印证了本项目已成功达成了该目标，成千上万的人聚集在一起，来到这里参加免费的周末庆祝活动，包括：现场音乐派对、健身项目、儿童区、本土文化展示、食品小摊、啤酒花园和灯光秀。

除了亲民的可达性外，公园还提供了强大的感官体验。人们可以从上升的蛇形坡道到达展馆，并登上展馆中的高架结构，公园的标志性艺术作品Stepwell也考虑了行动障碍人士的需求，让坐轮椅的游客也能直接穿过，而不是绕行。两处全新的游乐场为孩子们提供了锻炼自身能力与技术的理想场所。

超越所有预期

项目的影响超出了所有人的预期。自重新开放以来，社区已经将公园作为聚会和市民日常活动的“目的地”，包括婚礼、舞会等。步行街每周都会举办集市和食品卡车竞技表演等活动，展馆全年都会举办一系列音乐会和每周的集市。公园则继续承担了举办最大的社区节日庆典的任务。对公园进行有针对性的外科手术式投资，虽然重要部分基本保持不变，但仍然可以重塑整个公园，进而为社区生活提供支持与贡献。

尽管新冠疫情在其运营的第一年颠覆了公园的计划，但由于管理层的灵活操作，一系列快闪式活动、艺术项目，以及适当的远程社交活动，仍然让公园蓬勃发展。当没有其他空间可以满足疫情期间的社交距离要求时，公园内的展馆则肩负起举办斯波坎高中毕业典礼的重任。在人们迫切需要重拾对日常生活的信心的时候，本项目帮助人们形成了一种强烈的社区意识。

改造后的滨河公园是振兴珍贵但老化了的公民宝藏的典范，在向前瞻性聚会空间过渡的同时，设计尊重了当地的历史遗产，并满足了其作为文化中心的关键社区需求。除了实质性的改变，该项目还为重塑这座城市的精神面貌做出了贡献，让斯波坎为其自身的历史、文化和特色而自豪，走上崛起的城市之路。

▲区位图，瀑布标志着斯波坎河峡谷和平静的斯波坎山谷的交汇点，斯波坎山谷不仅是当地部落的圣地，也是城市的发源地，同时还是该地区的中心，Vicinity Map: Spokane Falls marks the meeting point of the great gorge of the Spokane River and the placid Spokane Valley, a sacred site to native tribes, the birthplace of the city, and still the heart of the region © Berger Partnership

▲场地规划：三条支流，一条河流，公园将自然与规划相结合，Site Plan: Three channels, one river, the park unites nature and programming © Berger Partnership

▲历史：作为斯波坎部落的神圣景观，城市的发源地，工业场所，以及74年世博会的举办地，滨河公园被珍藏人们在记忆中，如今急需投资与重新设计，History: A sacred landscape to the Spokane Tribe, the birthplace of the city, a place of industry, reclaimed as the home of Expo ’74, Riverfront Park was cherished in memory, but in need of and welcoming reinvestment and redesign © McDonald, Marshall (1895 river image), Spokane Public Library – Jacob Dormaier Expo 74 Collection (railyard and construction images), Expo ’74 images (unknown), Built Work Photography (lower right image)

▲拥抱河岸：沥青和填充物等硬质的河岸边缘让位于扩展的河流景观，木板路让公园用户沉浸在河流生态和原生河岸植物，以及雨水花园的景观中，而Looff Carrousel木马则坐落在被这些景观包围的建筑中，Riparian Embrace: Asphalt and fill to the water’s hardened edge gave way to expanded riverscape with perched boardwalks immersing park users in river ecology and native riparian plantings (and stormwater treatment) enveloping the experience of the Looff Carrousel building © Built Work Photography

▲拥抱干旱的气候：重新引入的本地物种增强了公园的弹性，同时也是雨水处理过程中不可或缺的一部分，改造后的公园让使用者对他们的本土景观产生了新的热爱，平衡了以前以灌溉草坪和东部硬木为主的景观。Embracing an Arid Climate: Reintroduced native species enhance park resiliency and are integral to stormwater treatment, allowing park users to grow a new love of their native landscape, balancing a landscape previously dominated by irrigated lawn and eastern hardwoods © Built Work Photography

▲玄武岩景观：城市下方的玄武岩作为公园的主要建造材料，定义了公园的特征，形成了地质景观特征和植被基础，在自然区域中得到了广泛的应用，A Basaltic Landscape：The basalt that underlies the city is embraced to define park character as a primary building material, forming magnetic landscape features and a mineral understory integral to planting, as is common in the natural landscape regionally © Fly With Beck (aerial); Built Work Photography (center and right)

▲锻造城市联系：霍华德街步行街提供了重要的南北、步行和自行车通道，连接了河流的三个分支，在支持日常通行的同时，增强了公园的基础设施，为快闪式活动与重大节日庆典提供了支持，Forging City Connections: Howard Street Promenade creates a vital north/south, pedestrian and bicycle link bridging three channels of the river, welcoming passive uses yet fortified with hidden infrastructure to foster pop-up events and major festivals © Fly With Beck

▲斯波坎大道：步道与城市地标对齐，如Looff Carrousel旋转木马，而次要路径则围合出花园空间，形成了无尽的可能路线和体验，进而创造出当地市民的社交目的地，让人们能够在此享受生活的乐趣，Spokane’s Paseo：The promenade aligns on civic icons, such as the Looff Carrousel, while secondary paths shape a quilt of garden spaces, providing endless possible routes and experiences, creating a social destination to be seen and enjoy the theater of life © Built Work Photography

▲公园的发展：漫步长廊将公园的活力从Snxʷ Meneɂ (Salmon People Island)延伸到北岸，全新的公园与公园门户处，经过修复的74年世博会蝴蝶取代了砾石停车场，成为新兴社区的催化剂，Growing the Park: The promenade extends park vitality across Snxʷ Meneɂ (Salmon People Island) to the north bank, where new parkland and gateway, punctuated by a restored Expo ’74 butterfly, replaces gravel parking, serving as a catalyst for an emerging neighborhood © Built Work Photography

▲与河流重新连接：公园在空间和感官将人与河流重新连接起来，水边的巨石与草坡，悬在河上的天桥，让人们回想起早已从现场抹去的铁路色彩和结构，Reconnecting to the River: The park reconnects Spokanites to their river, physically and through the senses, including boulder scrambles to the water’s edge and get-downs, catwalks suspended over the river, recalling railroad colors and structures long erased from the site © Built Work Photography

▲富有吸引力的景观：在河流中央的小岛上，74年世博会美国馆作为当地珍贵的地标，经过了重新的设计，它吸引着游客到公园的中心，如今的展馆不仅仅是一座建筑，更是一处独特的景观，一个为人们带来丰富体验的玻璃容器，A Magnetic Landscape: In the middle of the river, the Expo ’74 U.S. Pavilion is a treasured icon reimagined to draw visitors to the heart of the park, not as a building but as a terrarium of unique landscape and experience © Built Work Photography

▲隐形性功能：在拆除陈旧无用的建筑结构后，曾经落寞的展馆中呈现出丰富的地形变化，在视觉与空间上与河流联系在一起，同时，受到污染的土壤也在这个过程中得到了重新的利用，所有雨水在进入河流之前都得到了收集与处理，Invisible Functionality：Stripped of antiquated, purposeless buildings, the once sunken pavilion is filled with topography, visually and physically connecting to the river while serving as contaminated soil remediation with all stormwater collected and treated before entering the river © Berger Partnership

▲对所有人开放的全天候休闲场所：展馆是一处独特的公共空间，永远保持开放，它吸引着游客们驻足停留，逃离喧嚣的城市环境，在此聚会社交，并在攀登的过程中，欣赏河流与城市的景色，A Place for All, All the Time: Never closed or unwelcoming, the pavilion is an architecturally unique passive space inviting pause, escape, gathering, and drawing visitors to ascend and experience river and city views from the elevated experience © Built Work Photography

▲热情亲切的社区文化氛围：曾经退化的展馆如今能够举办体育赛事、文化节和多达5000人的音乐会，展馆在夜晚焕发出新的生命，可编程的“光叶片”堪称展现世博精神的标志性元素，Welcoming Community Culture: Transitioning to host athletic events, cultural festivals, and concerts of up to 5,000 people, the pavilion takes on new life at night with programmable “light blades” providing a “more is more” element befitting a World’s Fair icon © Miles Bergsma

▲社区的灯塔：长期以来，滨河公园一直是城市的标志，重新设计的滨河公园与社区重新形成了紧密的联系，产生了新的社区凝聚力，吸引了各种各样的游客聚集在一起，重新塑造了人与河流的联系，邀请人们感受这一神圣景观的新精神，Community Beacon: Long an icon of the city, the reimagined Riverfront Park has found new relevance and community adoration, drawing a diversity of visitors to gather, connect with the river, and feel the renewed spirit of this sacred landscape © Built Work Photography

Historical Context

In the heart of downtown Spokane, Washington, thundering waterfalls mark where the Spokane Valley meets the great gorge of the Spokane River. The site is a sacred gathering space and historic fishing grounds of the Spokane Tribe. It became the city’s birthplace as settlement was drawn by the power of the falls, which spurred industry and freight yards. A forward-looking vision reclaimed the site into the home of the 1974 World’s Fair (Expo ’74), the first world’s fair with an environmental focus.

After the fair, the grounds became Riverfront Park, permanently transitioning the 100-acre site from industrial landscape to park. As the new century arrived, Riverfront was showing its age as venues, programming, and infrastructure declined. Aware that change and investment were needed, Spokane’s citizens passed a $64 million bond in 2014 for park improvements.

Restoring Vital Ecology

Harnessing the river for power and industry left a legacy of environmental damage and contamination profoundly shaping the park’s redesign, planting, soil management, and stormwater treatment.

The riverbanks, profoundly altered and hardened, were enhanced with riparian plantings while embracing realities of a dam and hydroelectric facility. The design removed upland fill and hardscape to create new riparian planting including grasses and emergents (Common Rush, Indian Ricegrass, and Arrowleaf) and a woody overstory (Water Birch, Red Twig Dogwood, and Coyote Willow).

Planting native species in Spokane’s arid climate reduces water use and enhances park resiliency while also allowing park users to grow a new love of their native landscape, bringing balance to a landscape previously dominated by lawn and eastern hardwoods. Trees and shrubs include Rocky Mountain Maple, Serviceberry, North Plateau Ponderosa Pine, Snowberry, and Ocean-Spray. Planting includes extensive use of grasses including Blue Oat Grass, Indian Ricegrass, Blue Indian Grass, Great Basin Wildrye, and Switch Grass. Basalt talus is embraced as a mineral understory under much of the planting, as is common in the regional natural landscape.

Addressing historic soil contamination, all surfaces drain to lined stormwater gardens, eliminating percolation through underlying contaminants that would leach into the river. Tons of ‘dirty dirt’ were mitigated onsite, shaped as valued topography in the pavilion’s seating bowl, covered with a protective barrier, and capped with two feet of clean soil and plantings. The pavilion redesign also converted relic structures into green space.

Reconnecting People, City, and River

Riverfront Park is defined by its river, yet visitors were oddly removed from experiencing that river. New features bring people closer to the water with paved shorelines replaced by riparian planting, a boardwalk and large local boulders inviting scrambling to water’s edge. Terraced stone seating cascades waterward and a new bridge features steel-grated cantilevers for people to “float” above the river’s surface while enjoying iconic views.

Located at an important intersection of downtown and emerging neighborhoods, the park is now an integral stitch in the city’s fabric, with the Howard Street Promenade spanning north to south as a bike and pedestrian-exclusive link, its three legs shaped by river crossings and aligning with new and old city icons. The promenade crosses three river channels on unique bridge experiences, each enhanced to strengthen the connection to the river. A complementary east/west promenade provides a missing link in the 63-mile Centennial Trail.

The promenade is becoming one of the city’s great cultural gathering places, Spokane’s paseo, and a place to meet and be seen. Interwoven within the promenade are paths of discovery connecting to eddies of activity including viewpoints, seating berms, art, rain gardens, curated plantings, and native ecologies. These endlessly possible routes and experiences are all universally accessible. In addition to its daily passive use, integrated permanent festival infrastructure welcomes an intensive schedule of pop-up programming and festivals.

The park’s north bank was transformed from gravel parking lot into park space, recapturing the area as a complement to the downtown-adjacent south bank, with a new portal featuring the beloved Expo ‘74 Butterfly welcoming the surrounding community and connecting directly to Spokane’s arena, interior sportsplex, and new soccer stadium, forming a contiguous public campus.

Reinvigorating Programming

The park’s south bank serves as gateway and destination, with attractions including the historic 1909 Looff Carrousel, rehoused in a building designed as a glass drum, which allows riders to fully enjoy proximity to the river and views of the native planting along the restored, naturalistic riverbank. The beloved interactive Rotary Fountain was reimagined with new site design. A Skate Ribbon and café now claim the park’s most urban corridor and incorporates the Skyride gondola over the lower falls.

The park’s Havermale Island is home to the iconic pavilion, built for Expo ’74 and long defining Spokane’s skyline. Historically, the pavilion was intriguing from afar but underwhelming upon arrival, filled with closed and outdated novelty attractions. The reimagining of the pavilion erred on subtraction over addition, unburdening the pavilion of all structures but the historic net, tension ring, and mast. The remaining space was treated as a terrarium of topography, terraces, paths, and catwalks. Its cables feature programmable “light blades” that generate a magical nighttime lightshow, transforming the space into a venue for up to 5,000 spectators.

A key feature of the pavilion is its elevated experience, a series of grated catwalks rising over the landscape into the volume of the net, providing views to the river and downtown skyline, all universally accessible. Many great cities have icons, but all too often it is a private, pay-to-play experience, but the pavilion is proudly a public place, where all are welcome at no charge to bask in its glow.

Revitalizing Community

Community engagement was at the heart of building support and shaping the design including work with the public, stakeholder groups including the disabled community and the arts community. Most unique and rewarding was engagement with the Spokane Tribe, which forged a richer and more genuine relationship between city and tribe continuing beyond this project. The tribe helped shape both process and outcome, including the renaming of Snxʷ Meneɂ (sin-hoo-men-huh), which means Salmon People, a basalt stone outcropping between two falls, and one of the most desirable destinations in Riverfront. The island is now recognized as a place of storytelling and honoring the Spokane Tribe as a living culture experiencing new growth and success.

Equity was an important goal of the project. The park provides affordable family entertainment, with free and low-cost community programs. The grand opening showcased the goal’s success, as thousands gathered for a free weekend celebration with live music, fitness programs, a kids’ zone, native cultural presentation, food vendors, beer garden, and light shows.

Beyond universal access, the park provides universal experiences with powerful sensory moments. The pavilion’s elevated experience is accessible through ascending serpentine ramps, and the park’s signature art piece, Stepwell, welcomes wheelchairs to move through the piece, not just around it. Two new playgrounds are fully accessible for children of all skills and abilities.

Surpassing All Expectations

The impact of the project has surpassed all expectations. Since reopening, the community has embraced the park as “the” civic destination for passive gathering and life events including weddings, proms, and more. The promenade has weekly pop-up events such as markets and food-truck rodeos, and the pavilion hosts a concert series and weekly markets throughout the year. The park continues to host the biggest community festivals. The project has also shown that targeted, surgical investment in a park, while significant parts remain largely unchanged, can still reinvent the park as a whole and rebuild community use and support.

Even as COVID-19 upended the park’s planned programs in its first year of operation, the park thrived with management nimbly transitioning to pop-up events, art, and appropriately distanced social activities. The pavilion also hosted Spokane’s high school graduations when no other space could meet distancing requirements, forging a strong sense of community when it was so desperately needed.

The reimagined Riverfront Park is a model for revitalizing cherished but aging civic treasures, honoring past legacy while transitioning to a forward-looking gathering space and meeting critical community needs as the region’s cultural heart. Beyond physical change, the project has helped reshape the city’s psyche. Proud of its history, culture, and character, Spokane is a city on the rise.

More：ASLA。Berger Partnership

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