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雅莫科私人别墅坐落于科威特，其所有者是兄弟二人及他们各自的家庭。别墅自场地中心处一分为二，两户家庭以此为边界组织各自的生活。沿底层花园精心布置的一系列采光井和户外阳台，将住宅描绘成自然光充足的明亮居住环境。

The Yarmouk private villa is home to two brothers and their families in Kuwait. The volume is divided in the center of the plot into two identical units housing the independent quarters of each of the two families. A series of light wells and balconies throughout the house, along with a discreet garden space on the ground floor, focuses on the project’s main narrative of diffused natural lighting.

▼住宅外貌，exterior view

各自独立的居住单元在地下层和顶层露台处获得连通，加强了两户家庭的日常交流。宽敞的宴会厅位于地下层，其两侧的采光天井为该空间带来了充足的自然光。由石灰华铺设的宴会厅，为这一聚会场所营造了古典和优雅的氛围。此外，地下层还包含一个沐浴在阳光下的十车位停车场和一个佣人房。

The basement of the house and its roof terrace cap the building with elements of unity and interaction, where the siblings and their families are able to get together and socialize. The basement includes a large banquet hall with light wells on either side to bring in ample natural light. The room, covered completely in travertine, sets a more classic and elegant atmosphere for larger gatherings. The basement also includes parking facilities for 10 cars and a staff quarters, also naturally lit.

▼各自独立的居住单元在地下层和顶层露台处获得连通，the basement of the house and its roof terrace cap the building with elements of unity and interaction

两个独立的居住单元采用相同的平面规划，虽然如此，但该建筑整体却并非是对称形式。住宅底层为社交空间，各自独立的花园沿住宅外侧铺开，巨大的滑动窗户拉近了室内外环境的距离。其中，住宅的交通空间被设于中心位置，而居住空间则沿建筑外围展开，保证了生活环境的明亮通透。二层卧室依然沿建筑外围而设，与下层布局方式如出一辙。与此同时，该层中心区还设有一个由天窗照明的公共区域和小厨房。住宅室内装饰根据居住空间的功能而表现各异，从复杂纹理布置的音乐室，到北欧极简风格的卧室、餐厅和书房，令居家生活丰富多彩。亮面白色镶木地板和银色石灰华的结合，营造了温暖的环境氛围，也奠定了餐厅与客厅的色彩基调。

The independent units follow an identical plan although the form is articulated to disrupt symmetry. The ground floor houses the social areas for each family and is flanked by a very private garden that lights up the interiors through large sliding windows. Vertical circulation is organized along the middle of the house and the living spaces organized along the building periphery to maximize natural light. The first floor houses the bedrooms in a similar way along the outer edge, including a sky-lit communal area and a kitchenette in the center. The materiality of the interiors is driven by the hierarchy of the space, ranging from a dramatic music room finished in an aptly titled scandalous marble, to the almost Scandinavian simplicity of the upper levels that houses the bedrooms, pantry and the informal reading room. Subtle warm tones, achieved by a combination of silver travertine cladding with white oil finished ash parquet, set the mood for the ground floor living and dining areas.

业主愿景
CLIENT’S VISION

住宅所有者的要求十分明确且具有挑战性，在资金的有效控制下，他们希望住宅布设计程序可以尽可能简化处理。两个布局统一又各自独立的居住单元是业主的基本要求，在此之上，两个单元的共享和交流空间，以及两个家庭的共享宴会厅也是必须的。为节省空间，停车场不得不设置在建筑的地下层。两个居住单元必须各自拥有五间卧室及配套浴室，一个正式的客厅或音乐室，起居室，餐厅，厨房和儿童活动房；上层空间必须配有一个公共阅读空间和餐具室。女佣居住在三层的独立卧房内，而居住在地下层的男佣卧房则拥有可以通风和采光的天窗。简单优雅的居住空间是业主的另一个基本要求，合理的规划可以让住宅免去大量的维护和修缮成本。而散布于建筑四周的绿地和明亮通风的居住环境则是住宅的标准配置。

The clients’ vision was very straightforward but challenging as it called for a dense program relative to the plot size on a very restrictive budget. The clients were very specific on the need for two identical yet completely independent units for the two families, and dedicated shared areas for interaction. Parking in the basement was essential due to the dense program and large footprint that would entail. A shared banquet hall, doubling up as the Dewaniya, was also part of client’s requirement. Each unit was to have 5 bedrooms with attached bathrooms; a formal living / music room, family living and dining area, kids play room and a large kitchen. Upper floor was also to have a communal reading space and a pantry. Female staff would be on the second floor with their own suites and the male staff next to the parking in a basement suite with clerestory windows to afford natural lighting and ventilation. The essence of the client’s request was a simple and well-built house that minimizes the need for heavy maintenance and upkeep. Naturally lit, airy spaces were an essential parameter along with adequate green spaces scattered around the house.

▼各层布局及结构分析，the structure and layout of levels

环境
CONTEXT

住宅位于科威特郊县的居住社区雅莫科。极度炎热的自然气候，加上时有的沙尘暴和热带风暴都深刻影响了这一地区的住宅建筑风格。该住宅场地面朝着居住区街道，其他三面被居住建筑包围。场地四周的建筑多以传统独立住宅为主，这给予了该项目住宅以更多的机会去回应场地特征，并借鉴与众不同的美学标准，让别墅在住区内脱颖而出。由于人均车辆含有率极高且缺乏足够的停车区域，该地区的街道和步行道被汽车严重占用。在该别墅设计中，设计师重新整合并设计了位于建筑前侧的步行道路及景观环境，并将充足的停车区域移至建筑地下，缓解了这一严峻形势所带来的种种不利影响。

This house is located in Yarmouk, a quiet suburban residential neighborhood in Kuwait. The extremely hot climate and its occasional dust storms and hot desert winds influence the way buildings are designed in these areas. The site faces a suburban residential street, and is enclosed on the other 3 sides by adjacent houses. The surrounding built fabric consists of independent villas with a more traditional design; allowing this house the opportunity to reflect on certain elements of its surroundings, yet provide a new aesthetic to the street it occupies. Pedestrian space is limited because cars are generally parked on the pavements, due to the lack of parking spaces and the high number of cars per capita. This issue was tackled by having a well-defined pedestrian pathway in front of the building, integrated with the landscape and also providing more than adequate parking facilities in the basement of the building.

▼重新整合并设计了位于建筑前侧的步行道路及景观环境，a well-defined pedestrian pathway in front of the building is integrated with the landscape

设计
DESIGN

应业主的要求，在有限的场地限制下，住宅需获得紧凑而实用的布局，且两个居住单元紧密相连又各自独立。对设计师来说，在建筑的开放与闭合之间建立平衡关系，为居住空间营造明亮的环境氛围是极具挑战性的，且困难重重。因此，设计师决定在建筑中打造多个采光天井，阳台和户外露台，让住宅从多层次的空间角度获得明亮和通透的内部氛围。这种设计方法使住宅各空间均饱受自然光的洗礼，且帮助实现了不同居住功能空间的私隐性要求。

The client’s brief called for a very dense program relative to the allowed footprint and also for the two units to be identical and side-by-side. This posed multiple challenges to the architects in terms of finding a balance between enclosed and open spaces, as well as bringing sufficient natural lighting to all areas of the house. Studio Toggle chose to address these challenges in an incremental manner by creating light wells, balconies and decks affording varied degrees of transparency and porosity throughout the building. This approach resulted in a choreographed sequence of naturally lit spaces with a well-defined hierarchy dictating its degree of privacy.

▼滑动玻璃门窗为室内外环境建立了良好的空间关系，The sliding glass panels bring connections to the interior and exterior spaces

花园绿植由建筑脚下开始蔓延至场地边界，滑动玻璃门窗为室内外环境建立了良好的空间关系，而开放的底层空间规划则让阳光在起居室和餐厅之间恣意游走。在充分接纳自然光的同时，悬挑装置的嵌入也帮助居住环境抵御强烈的日光直射和太阳能热量增益。高墙环绕和百叶遮挡下的花园，为社交空间营造了明亮和葱郁的氛围。与此同时，地下层宴会厅也获得良好的私隐性。

The open-plan ground floor brought natural light into the living and dining area through its wide sliding glass panels leading to the outdoor garden space towards the edge of the plot. While maximizing the natural light, overhangs were employed strategically to decrease direct sunlight and solar heat gain. The garden, with its high walls and louvers fosters greenery and light for the social spaces, including the banquet room in the basement, while affording total privacy from neighboring buildings.

▼位于地下层的宴会厅，banquet hall on the basement floor

▼开放的室内规划，the open layout

▼花色大理石装点的音乐室，a dramatic music room finished in an aptly titled scandalous marble

▼儿童活动房，children’s room

▼交通空间位于中央区域，the circulation space is placed in the center of the house

相似的手法也运用到二层空间的布局。沿外围布局的卧室获得了充足的自然光照。巨大的顶部天窗点亮了位于其下的公共生活空间，并以此形成了读书阅览的绝佳区域。住宅外围以朴素的白色饰面，与粗糙的灰色窗框和百叶形成强烈对比。外立面百叶保障了步入式门厅和屋顶花园的私隐性，同时柔化了庞大白色建筑的视觉冲击。

A similar technique is applied on the first floor, placing all bedrooms on the parameter to ensure windows in each room for their own natural lighting. A large skylight lights up the resulting interstitial area turning it into a brightly lit communal reading spot. The exterior of the house is finished in an austere palette of white cement render contrasted against the rough grey finish of the window frames and louvers. The louvers afford necessary privacy to the stepped entrance foyer and the roof garden and soften the impact of the crisp white massing.

▼卧室获得充足光照，bedroom enjoys natural light

▼天窗下的读书空间，a brightly lit communal reading spot

▼独立小厨房，the kitchenette

▼朴素的白色与粗糙的灰色窗框和百叶形成强烈对比，the exterior of the house is finished in an austere palette of white cement render contrasted against the rough grey finish of the window frames and louvers

可持续性设计认证
SUSTAINABLITITY CREDENTIALS

该住宅设计化解了居住生活对自然光的需求，与科威特炎热气候之间的矛盾关系。通过建筑体量中分散布局的采光口，增加建筑与环境的空间渗透性，和避开直射阳光等多层次多角度的空间设计方案实现了理想的居住环境。不得不说，这些采光口的设计极大的满足了光照需求和避开直射光线的双重要求。具有热反射和自动清洁功能的纯白色外部涂料，协助住宅减少热量增益和抵御灰尘。而遮阳百叶和悬挑则在抵御直射光照的过程中产生了巨大效用。探测装置和智能浇灌系统帮助减少住宅的电能和水利消耗，事实证明，住宅以此节省了20%的电能和40%用于灌溉的水资源。低挥发性有机化合物涂料的使用，保证了居住空间的空气质量。与此同时，住宅还在地板下大量铺设环保橡木板来实现室内的隔音效果。

The design and its requirements birthed a duality between the necessity of natural light and Kuwait’s scorching hot climate. Studio Toggle approached this duality with a multi pronged strategy in which light pockets are distributed along the buildings mass, increasing it porosity while avoiding direct sun. These light pockets, by virtue of their strategic locations, helped in lighting up the interiors while avoiding the harsh direct sunlight. A heat reflecting and self-cleaning exterior paint system in white finish was used to reduce the heat gain as well as to repel dust. Louvers and overhangs were generously incorporated to avoid and reduce direct sun and glare. Sensors and smart irrigation systems were incorporated to reduce electricity and water usage and demonstrates a measured saving of almost 20 percent electricity and 40 percent water used for irrigation. Low VOC paint and coating systems were used for better indoor air quality. The project also employs extensive use of eco-friendly cork for acoustic insulation and as underlays below the parquet flooring.

▼平面图，plan

▼剖面图，section

PROJECT FACT SHEET
Project name:A house in Yarmouk
Architect:Studio Toggle
Office website:www.studiotoggle.com
Contact email: gijo@studiotoggle.com
Completion year:2017
Built Area: 2500 m2
Project Location:Al Yarmouk, Kuwait City
https://goo.gl/maps/9vooajkziSx
Photographer:Gijo Paul George
Lead Architects:Hend Almatrouk, Gijo Paul George,
Team:Abdul Rashed, Yehia Galal, Dionne Pereira, Saleh Jamsheer
List of Manufacturers / Suppliers:
Windows:Profilatti, Italy (EKU 53)
Door Hardware:JNF, Portugal
Sanitary fixtures:Sanitana, Portugal
Parquet:Wicanders, Portugal (Manor house ash)
Lighting fixtures:TAL, Tom Dixon, Moooi, LeeBroom
HVAC:Carrier, Kuwait
Kitchens:IKEA
Wardrobes / Cabinetry: Woodex Kuwait
Elevators:Orona, Kuwait

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