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非典型幼儿园 Beyond the typical kindergartens of the city

花朵幼儿园位于韩国首都首尔市内。首尔现存的大多数幼儿园，都是建立在经济利益或规划需求的基础上，狭小的占地面积令其空间品质在高密度的城市中显得极其低下，民众对高质量教育机构的需求正日益增长。

“Flower+ Kindergarten” is a project, located in Seoul, the capital city of Korea. In Seoul, there are demanding needs for education facilities with better environment, since the most of the kindergartens in the city have been built with the high density of poor architectural design by reflecting economic values, regulations and small lot sizes in the highly dense city.

▽ 基地，site location

“花朵幼儿园”项目迎难而上，试图用建筑手段在有限的空间中营造更有利于儿童成长的教育环境，解决这个困扰首尔民众已久的难题。幼儿园位于首尔一个新建的公寓住宅区内，附近有溪流和数个可供儿童安全玩耍的街心公园。幼儿园将和周围的开放空间以及绿地融为一体，让孩子们充分接触大自然，同时也在建筑密度和空间质量中找到平衡。

To overcome the typical kindergarten’s problems in the city, the project “Flower+ Kindergarten” looked for opportunities to find out architectural solutions for better educational environments in the small and dense site conditions, facing typical problems of Seoul. The project is located in the new apartment complex, nearby the Yang－je stream park and other small pocket parks where children can play freely and safely in the nature. The kindergarten project is designed to take advantage of the surrounding green areas and open spaces to expose children to the nature while balancing between density and spatial value of the kindergarten to nurture them.

▽ 鸟瞰，birdview

“花园幼儿园”旨在为教育机构创造一个充满活力的活动空间并加强儿童与自然的交流互动。与此同时，建筑师用数个复合功能区取代了韩国幼儿园的常用的双边式走廊，以保证幼儿园空间的高效利用。复合功能区由盘旋而上连接各层的楼梯长廊串联起来，为幼儿园提供了更充足的可利用空间和多样化的教学环境。幼儿园将为儿童提供充满活力的学习空间，让他们在成长中感受自然的变化。

The “Flower+ Kindergarten” project is about providing a dynamic physical environment for education as well as interactions between children and the nature, while achieving the density for the kindergarten in the city. To achieve it, multi-purpose halls are introduced instead of the typical Korean kindergarten’s double-loaded corridors and they are spiraling up through vertical promenades connecting between floors so that the kindergarten can have more utilized space and diverse educational environment. It will be a place for children to experience dynamic learning and the change of nature while growing everyday.

▽ 外观，facade

公寓楼中的小地标 Small Landmark among the Highrise Apartments

幼儿园成为了社区的标志性建筑。在这个千楼一面的社区中，优越的地理位置和独特的造型让幼儿园理所当然的成为了这里的地标，为孩子们和居民辨识方位的提供了参照物。

The kindergarten becomes a local landmark in the neighborhood community. Its unique location and shape will provide a local landmark in the homogeneous neighborhood, where every apartment buildings look the same. It will provide a way finding function for both children and neighbors.

▽ 幼儿园与社区，kindergarten and the community

各有特色的课室 Individuality of Each Classroom

根据当地的条例，课室的面积必须达到44平方米，因此每一层平面最多只可容纳下三间课室和一个复合功能区。复合功能区在承担交通功能的同时，也成为孩子们学习和游玩的空间。课室的形状和体积各异，站在复合功能区的孩子可以通过各异的弧形墙壁来辨认自己的课室，而不需要数字或文字标识。课室圆润的墙面线条让外部空间更加舒适，同时也为课室和复合功能区提供了更便捷的联系。

On each floor, there are three classrooms and one multi-purpose hall at its maximum floor area as the classroom should be more than 44m2 by the local regulations. The multi-purpose hall can accommodate circulations as well as diverse use of space for learning and playing. At the multi-purpose hall, children can recognize their classrooms through the rounded walls, because each classroom can stand out as an identifiable mass through its volumes rather than numbers or texts. The rounded corner of each classroom gives an cozy feeling at the hall, while it is also an architectural solution to provide access among the multi-purpose hall and classrooms.

▽ 教室，classroom

▽ 复合功能区，multi-purpose halls

孩子们的立体走廊 Vertical Promenade for Children

上下贯通的结构墙为建造提供了便利，而在平面上不断的变化位置的复合功能区则活跃了幼儿园的内部空间氛围。每一层的复合功能区都提供了不同的空间体验和运动轨迹。孩子在不同楼层间穿行，感受不断变化的外部空间。而楼梯上部或下部低矮的小空间，则成为了孩子们专属的小房间。

While plans at different levels shares structural walls repeatedly provide efficient construction and planning, the rotating locations of the multi-purpose halls give a dynamic spatial experience for the kindergarten’s interior space. At each level the multipurpose halls create spiral access and movement. Through this circulation children can experience dynamic space and spatial change vertically and mingle together between different levels. The space created below and above the stair is utilized for children’s play-den at children’s scale.

▽ 楼梯长廊，vertical promenades

▽ 儿童专属空间，children’s play-den

多彩的室内空间 Color Recognition and Color Sensitive Environment

每一层的室内空间都被涂上了特定的颜色，孩子们可以通过颜色辨认所处楼层。同时，天花、墙壁和窗框颜色细微的差异促进孩子对颜色敏感度的形成。白天和夜晚不同的光线也导致了室内颜色的改变。在白天，光线经过天花板折射在白色的墙壁上，墙壁也微微的泛着彩色。而晚上，室内的灯光把室内的颜色折射到了外面的街道上。每一间课室都有一扇微微突出于外墙的大窗户，不同的窗框颜色让路人可轻易地辨别其课室所在的方位，孩子们从街道上也可以找到自己的教室。

From the inside, each floor is assigned with different color on its ceiling and walls so that children can recognize the space through the color difference. There are subtle difference between ceiling, wall and window frames thus the kindergarten’s built environment encourage children’s color sensitivity. Through the change of time between day and night, the color is brimming out differently. During the day time, the white interior walls are imbued with ceiling color through the reflected daylight, as the color is reflected in. To the contrary, during nighttime, the color is reflected out toward the street through the building’s artificial lighting inside. Each classroom has a large window with projected frames, which are colored with its own designated colors to give a clue about the classroom’s location and presence from the street. Children can identify their own classroom from the street through the color and location of the projected window.

▽ 阳光下的建筑色彩，interior color under daylight

▽ 夜晚的建筑色彩，interior color during nighttime

外墙上的种植系统 Pocket Panels for Seasonal Planting

Exterior wall panels will have extra function of becoming pots for planting. In Korea, outdoor vertical wall system is problematic especially for its extreme winter. Through seasons from spring to fall, people can plant vegetation in the pocket wall panels and grow them following the vegetation’s seasonal cycles. The growing activities can be a part of the school’s curriculum for children. During the extreme winter in Korea, they will hardly have plants survived but have visual functions as a three-dimensional facade, undulating wall panels. Thus, the facade of the building will change dramatically across different seasons, following the planting conditions and the kind of vegetation.

外层的墙壁嵌板可用作种植槽。在韩国寒冷的冬季，室外的垂直种植系统难以运转。然而从春天到秋天，人们都可以顺应植物的季节周期来播种。这些活动也可以称为学校教给孩子们的一项课程。在植物不能生长的冬季，波浪般起伏的外墙仍然是很好的装饰物。一年中，建筑的外立面将跟随季节的推移、植物的选择和生长周期的变化，发生巨大的改变。

▽ 春天的外墙，pocket wall panels in spring

▽ 冬天的外墙，pocket wall panels in winter

建筑与自然 Sun, Wind, Water and Vegetation

By having planting pots as its exterior façade system (Pocket panel), the kindergarten provides opportunities for children to grow and observe vegetation closely. The rooftop garden and sunken garden provides extra amenities to both children and teaching staffs to appreciate the value of nature in their everyday life. The rainwater is gathered in the rainwater tank on the basement through the ground and rooftop garden to reuse the water for irrigation. The photovoltaic panels on the roof and natural ventilation windows for each classroom enhance the overall building performance through the year.

外立面的垂直种植系统为孩子们亲手栽培和近距离观察植物提供了机会。而屋顶花园和下沉花园则让孩子和老师每天都能尽情地享受自然。位于地下的雨水池将储存地表和屋顶花园收集的雨水并二次利用于灌溉，而屋顶的太阳能板和每间课室的自然通风口也提高了建筑的性能。

▽ 下沉花园，sunken garden

▽ 线图，line drawings

Title: Flower+ Kindergarten
Client: Yewon Kindergarten
Program: Kindergarten
Location: 731, Umyeon-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Korea
Site Area: 608.00 m2
Building Area: 303.44 m2
Gross Floor Area: 2,165.36 m2
Building Scope: 4F, 2B
Height: 18.5 m
Building Coverage Ratio: 49.91%
Floor Area Ratio: 199.61%
Parking: 10 cars (including one for handicapped)
Architect: Jungmin Nam (OA-Lab, Seoul National Univ. of Science and Technology)
Project Team Members: Byungsoo Kim, Jungsoo Seo, Keunbo Yang, Woongjin Byun, Soohyun Kim, Sung-joon Chae
Design Period: May 2013 ~ Jan 2015
Construction Period: Oct 2013 ~ Jan 2015 (Certificate of Occupancy: 2014. 10. 8)
Structure: Reinforced Concrete
Structural Engineer: Thekujo
Exterior Finish: Stone(Crema Bella), GFRC Panel
Interior Finish: Paint on the gypsum board, birch wood
Mechanical- Electrical Engineer: Bow ENG
Construction: Yemi Construction Inc.
Photograph: All photographs by Kyungsub Shin

English Text: Jungmin Nam
Chinese Text: gooood

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